Continuous versus interrupted suture technique in microvascular anastomosis in rats.

PURPOSE: To compare the continuous and interrupted suture technique on femoral artery on rats after vessel repair and 14 days after. METHODS: Twenty rats were operated randomly divided into two group matched according to the suture technique used: interrupted or continuous. We performed a femoral anastomosis on the right femoral artery. We analyzed weight, arterial caliber, anastomosis time and patency after vessel repair and 14 days after. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups in the weight (p=0.64), diameter of the femoral artery (p=0.95) and patency (p=1.00). The time spent in the anastomosis was 451 seconds in the continuous group and 718 seconds in the interrupted group, presenting significant difference (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The continuous suture technique shows a similar patency rates than interrupted technique, however with a shorter time to perform the anastomosis.

Continuous versus interrupted suture technique in microvascular anastomosis in rats

Abstract Purpose: To compare the continuous and interrupted suture technique on femoral artery on rats after vessel repair and 14 days after. Methods: Twenty rats were operated randomly divided into two group matched according to the suture technique used: interrupted or continuous. We performed a femoral anastomosis on the right femoral artery. We analyzed weight, arterial caliber, anastomosis time and patency after vessel repair and 14 days after. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in the weight (p=0.64), diameter of the femoral artery (p=0.95) and patency (p=1.00). The time spent in the anastomosis was 451 seconds in the continuous group and 718 seconds in the interrupted group, presenting significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion: The continuous suture technique shows a similar patency rates than interrupted technique, however with a shorter time to perform the anastomosis.

Morphometric analysis of rat femoral vessels under a video magnification system / Análise morfométrica dos vasos femorais de ratos sob magnificação por sistema de vídeo

The right femoral vessels of 80 rats were identified and dissected. External lengths and diameters of femoral arteries and femoral veins were measured using either a microscope or a video magnification system. Findings were correlated to animals' weights. Mean length was 14.33 mm for both femoral arteries and femoral veins, mean diameter of arteries was 0.65 mm and diameter of veins was 0.81 mm. In our sample, rats' body weights were only correlated with the diameter of their femoral veins

Os vasos femorais de 80 ratos foram identificados e dissecados. O comprimento e o diâmetro externo da artéria e da veia femoral foram mensurados com o auxílio de um microscópio e um sistema de magnificação por vídeo. Esses parâmetros foram correlacionados com o peso do animal. O comprimento de ambos os vasos femorais foi de 14,33 mm, e a média do diâmetro das artérias foi de 0,65 mm, e das veias, de 0,81 mm. Na nossa amostra, o peso dos animais se correlacionou apenas com o diâmetro da veia femoral

A Low-Cost High-Definition Video System for Microsurgical Hindlimb Replantation in Rats.

Background The surgical microscope is still essential for microsurgery, but several alternatives that show promising results are currently under development, such as endoscopes and laparoscopes with video systems; however, as yet, these have only been used for arterial anastomoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a low-cost video-assisted magnification system in replantation of the hindlimbs of rats. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two matched groups according to the magnification system used: the microscope group, with hindlimb replantation performed under a microscope with an image magnification of 40× and the video group, with the procedures performed under a video system composed of a high-definition camcorder, macrolenses, a 42-in television, and a digital HDMI cable. The camera was set to 50× magnification. We analyzed weight, arterial and venous caliber, total surgery time, arterial and venous anastomosis time, patency immediately and 7 days postoperatively, the number of stitches, and survival rate. Results There were no significant differences between the groups in weight, arterial or venous caliber, or the number of stitches. Replantation under the video system took longer (p < 0.05). Patency rates were similar between groups, both immediately and 7 days postoperatively. Conclusion It is possible to perform a hindlimb replantation in rats through video system magnification, with a satisfactory success rate comparable with that for procedures performed under surgical microscopes.

Morphometric analysis of rat femoral vessels under a video magnification system.

The right femoral vessels of 80 rats were identified and dissected. External lengths and diameters of femoral arteries and femoral veins were measured using either a microscope or a video magnification system. Findings were correlated to animals' weights. Mean length was 14.33 mm for both femoral arteries and femoral veins, mean diameter of arteries was 0.65 mm and diameter of veins was 0.81 mm. In our sample, rats' body weights were only correlated with the diameter of their femoral veins.

Os vasos femorais de 80 ratos foram identificados e dissecados. O comprimento e o diâmetro externo da artéria e da veia femoral foram mensurados com o auxílio de um microscópio e um sistema de magnificação por vídeo. Esses parâmetros foram correlacionados com o peso do animal. O comprimento de ambos os vasos femorais foi de 14,33 mm, e a média do diâmetro das artérias foi de 0,65 mm, e das veias, de 0,81 mm. Na nossa amostra, o peso dos animais se correlacionou apenas com o diâmetro da veia femoral.

Is it possible to do a microvascular anastomosis with an ordinary video camera? Experimental study.

An alternative method of magnification for microvascular anastomosis was analyzed using an ordinary video camera and compared with the traditional method under microscope. For this study 20 rats were divided in two groups of 10 each: control group (microscope-assisted [M]) and experimental group (video-assisted [V]). Magnification was accomplished by a surgical microscope in group M, whereas a video system composed of low-cost camera, audiovisual cable, and analogue television in group V. In both groups, the right femoral artery was severed and sutured with interrupted simple stitches. The criteria examined were: patency, vessel diameter, amount of sutures, anastomosis time, and histologic features. There were no differences between both groups in patency rate and vessel diameter. The video-assisted microanastomosis is a time-consuming procedure as compared with the microscope-assisted anastomosis, to a certain extent due to lack of stereoscopic image and technical inability with the video system as well. There was a smaller quantity of sutures in group V. Higher foreign body tissue reaction was found in group M, consequent to greater amount of suture material. In conclusion, video-assisted microanastomosis is possible with the present video system but is not as safe as conventional microanastomosis.

Depression and anxiety traits among medical students / Depressão e traços de ansiedade em estudantes de medicina

Objective: to assess depressive and anxiety traits incidence and frequency among medical students at the State Universityof Pará (UEPA). Method: a cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 160 medical students from UEPA,who responded to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), which measurestrait anxiety components. Results: it was found that 70% of the students surveyed had some degree of depression.In addition, approximately 77% of respondents had moderate or severe anxiety. The median BDI score was 8 points,corresponding to moderate depression, while the median STAI-T was 40 points, corresponding to the average anxiety.It was found that there is a strong positive relationship between levels of anxiety and depression. The results of the 2nd,3rd and 4th grades of the course showed marked difference in the BDI score, so that the 4th grade level got higher thanthe other series. Significant difference was found between anxiety levels of women and men. Conclusion: in view ofthis result, it is concluded that there is need for institutional support and extension to existing programs of psychologicalsupport to medical students at the State University of Pará.

Objetivo: avaliar a incidência e frequência de quadros depressivos e traços de ansiedade entre os estudantes demedicina da Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA). Método: foi realizado um estudo transversal com 160estudantes de medicina da UEPA, que responderam ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IDB) e o Inventário deAnsiedade enquanto Traço (IDATE-T). Resultados: verificou-se que 70% dos acadêmicos pesquisados apresentavamalgum grau de depressão. Além disso, aproximadamente 77% dos pesquisados apresentavam ansiedade moderadaou grave. A pontuação mediana do IDB foi de 8 pontos, correspondendo à depressão moderada, enquanto que amediana do IDATE-T foi de 40 pontos, correspondendo à ansiedade média. Verificou-se que há forte relação positivaentre os níveis de ansiedade e os de depressão. Os resultados obtidos com as 2ª, 3ª e 4ª séries do curso apresentaramdiferença acentuada da pontuação do IDB, de modo que a 4ª série obteve nível mais elevado que as demais séries.Foi encontrada diferença importante entre os níveis de ansiedade das mulheres e os dos homens. Conclusão: frente aesse resultado conclui-se que, há necessidade de apoio institucional e ampliação aos programas existentes de apoiopsicológico ao estudante de medicina da Universidade do Estado do Pará.

Copaiba oil effects on survival rate after cecal ligation and puncture in mice / Efeitos do óleo de copaíba na sobrevida de camundongos submetidos à ligadura e perfuração cecal

to assess survival rate of mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) treated with copaiba oil subcutaneous injection. Methods: twenty-one BALB/c male mice were randomly distributed into three following groups: Sham (subjected to all surgical procedures except for the CLP procedures); Control (subjected to CLP procedures with no treatment); and Experimental (subjected to CLP procedures treated with copaiba oil, 0.63 ml per kg, injected once a day subcutaneously for five days). Sepsis was induced by CLP procedure and after that, mice were monitored every 6 h till 120 h completed. Survival rate was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier curve and the long-rank test. Results: there was a significant difference on survival of mice subjected to copaiba oil injection (p < 0.0001), survival rate in Control was 0% after 72 h, as expected, but Experimental survival rate was 71.43% till the last observation time (120 h). Conclusion: copaiba oil treatment improved survival in mice subjected to CLP.

analisar a sobrevida de camundongos submetidos à ligadura e perfuração cecal (LPC) tratados com injeção subcutânea de óleo de copaiba. Método: pesquisa experimental com vinte e um camundongos machos BALB/c foram distribuídos randomicamente nos três seguintes grupos: Padrão (submetidos à todos os procedimentos cirúrgicos exceto pelos procedimentos de LPC); Controle (submetidos ao procedimento de LPC e sem tratamento); e Experimental (submetidos ao procedimento de LPC e tratados com óleo de copaiba, 0.63 ml por kg, injetado no subcutâneo uma vez ao dia por cinco dias). Sepse foi induzida por LPC e posteriormente os camundongos foram monitorados a cada 6 h até completar 120 h. A sobrevida foi avaliada pela curva de Kaplan-Meier e pelo teste long-rank. Resultados: houve diferença significante na sobrevida dos animais que receberam injeção de óleo de copaíba, a taxa de sobrevida dos animais do Controle foi de 0% após 72 h, como esperado, porém a taxa de sobrevida dos animais do Experimental foi de 71.43% até o último período de observação (120h). Conclusão: o tratamento com óleo de copaiba aumentou a sobrevida de camundongos submetidos à LPC.